PUBLICATIONS

SELECTED REFERENCES (RELATED TO BENEFICIAL ARTHROPODS IN CASHEW)

NATURAL ENEMIES

Ambrose D. P. 2006. A checklist of Indian assassin bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae) with taxonomic status, distribution and diagnostic morphological characteristics. Zoos Print Journal, 21:2388-2406.
Bhat P.S., K.K. Srikumar, T.N. Raviprasad, K. Vanitha, A. Asokan and R. Rebijith. Biology, behavior, functional response and molecular characterization of Rhihirbus trochantericus Stal. var. luteous (Reduviidae: Harpactorinae), a potential predator of TMB. Entomological News, 123, (4):264-277.
Bhat, P.S. and Raviprasad, T.N. (1996). Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi against cashew stem and root borer Plocaederus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Journal of Plantation Crops, 24: 265-271.
Bhat, P.S., Sundararaju, D. and Ravi Prasad T.N. (2002). Integrated management of insects, pests and diseases in cashew. Indian Cashew Industry. (Eds. Singh, H.P., Balasubramanian, P.P. and Hubbali, V.N.). DCCD, Cochin, India.
Devasahayam, S. (1989). Erythmelus helopeltidis Gahan (Hymenopera: Mymaridae) a new parasite of Helopeltis antonii on cashew. J. Bombay Nat..Hist. Soc., 86: 113.
K.K. and Bhat, P.S. (2013c) Biology of the tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse on Chromolaena odorata (L.) and notes on its egg parasitoids. Chilean J. Agricultural Res., 73 (3): 309-314.
Maruthadurai, R. and Singh, N.P. 2017. A report on occurrence of aphidophagous predators of Aphis odinae (van der Goot) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in cashew ecosystem from Goa, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 9, 2, 9858–9861. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2435.9.2.9858-9861.
Nitin K.S., P. Shivarama Bhat, T.N. Raviprasad and K. Vanitha. 2017. Biology, Behaviour and predatory efficiency of Sycanus galbanus Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae recorded in Cashew plantations. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5(2): 524-530.
Pathummal Beevi, S., Abraham, C. C. and Veeraraghavan, P. C. 1993. Occurrence of parasitoids in association with pests of cashew. Journal of Plantation Crops, 21(2): 110-117.
Peng, R.K., Christian, K. and Gibb, K. (1998). Management of Oecophylla smaragdina colonies in cashew plantations to control the main cashew insect pests. Sixth Australasian Applied Entomological Research Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 2: 332.
Peng, R.K., Christian, K. and Gibb, K. (1999). The effect of colony isolation of the predacious ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (F.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), on protection of cashew plantations from insect pests. International Journal of Pest Management, 45: 189-194.
Pillai, G.B., Dubey, O.P. and Vijay Singh. (1976). Pests of cashew and their control in India-. A review of current status. Journal of Plantation Crops, 4: 37-50.
Rai, P. S. 1984. Handbook on cashew pests. N. K. Sharma of Research Co. Publications. 124p.
Srikumar K. K., P. S. Bhat, T. N. Raviprasad, K. Vanitha, P. L. Saroj and D. P. Ambrose. 2014. Biology and Behavior of Six Species of Reduviids (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) in a Cashew Ecosystem. Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology, 30: 65-81.
Srikumar K.K., P.S. Bhat, K. Vanitha, T.N. Raviprasad and Rajamohana. 2015. Phenology and parasitization behavior of Telenomus cuspis (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) an egg parasitoid of Helopeltis antonii (Hemiptera: Miridae). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 82 (2): 437-442.
Srikumar K.K., P.S. Bhat, T.N. Raviprasad & K. Vanitha. 2014. Biology, behavior and functional response of Cydnocoris gilvus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) a predator of Tea Mosquito Bug (Helopeltis antonii Sign.) on cashew in India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 6 (6): 5864–5870.
Srikumar, K.K., P. Shivarama Bhat, T.N. Raviprasad and N.K. Krishna Kumar. 2012. Fauna of spiders in cashew ecosystem – Technical bulletin No. 24, ICAR-DCR, Puttur.
Sundararaju, D. (1993a). Studies on the parasitoids of the mosquito bug, Helopeltis antonii Sign. (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) on cashew with special reference to Telenomous (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). J. Biol. Control 7: 6-8.
Sundararaju, D. (2002). Description of endoparasitism in nymphs and adults of Helopeltis infesting cashew. Journal of Plantation Crops, 30 (3): 66-68.
Sundararaju, D. 1984. Cashew pests and their natural enemies in Goa. Journal of Plantation Crops, 12: 38-46.
Vanitha K., P.S. Bhat, T.N. Ravi Prasad and K.K. Srikumar. 2016. Biology and behavior of purple boxer mantis, Ephestiasula pictipes (Hymenopodidae: Mantodea) under captive breeding. International Journal of Pest Management, 62 (4): 308-318.
Vanitha K. and Santhosh Sreevihar. 2016. First report of egg parasitism in Tropical tasar silkworm (Antheraea mylitta Drury) occurring on cashew. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 8 (7): 9045-9047.
Vanitha, K. and P.L. Saroj. 2015. Insect pests of cashew and their management. DCR Technical Bulletin No. 27. 68p.
Vanitha, K. 2015. A report on the occurrence of eulophid parasitoids on the Cashew Leaf Miner Acrocercops syngrammaMeyrick (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Journal of Threatened Taxa, 7(12): 7933 –7936.
Vanitha, K., P.S. Bhat and T.N. Raviprasad. 2017. Mantid fauna of cashew plantations, seasonal occurrence and biology of few species. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 45 (4): 327-333.
Vanitha, K., P.S. Bhat, T.N. Raviprasad and K.K. Srikumar. 2015. Species composition of ants in cashew plantations and their interactions with cashew. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, India: Biological Section, B. DOI: 10.1007/s40011-015-0600-3.
Vanitha, K., TN Raviprasad and V Shwetha. 2018. Lifecycle of Eocanthecona furcellata (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) a predatory bug in cashew plantations, upon rearing on wax moth larvae. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6 (2): 3007-3010.

POLLINATORS

Belavadi, V. and K.N. Ganeshaiah. 2013. Insect pollination manual. NICRA Project on Effects of Climate Change on Pollinator Populations. Published by Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore. 47p.
Bhattacharya, A. (2004) Flower visitors and fruit set of Anacardium occidentale. Ann Bot Fenn., 41 :385–392.
Freitas, B.M and Paxton, R.J. (1998) A comparison of two pollinators: the introduced honey bee Apis mellifera and an indigenous bee Centris tarsata on cashew Anacardium occidentale in its native range of NE Brazil. J Appl Ecol., 35 (1):109–121.
Freitas, B.M. (1997) Changes with time in the germinability of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) pollen grains found on different body areas of its pollinator bees. Rev Bras Biol., 57 :289–294.
Freitas, B.M. (1997). Number and distribution of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) pollen grains on the bodies of its pollinators, Apis mellifera and Centris tarsata. Journal of Apicultural Research, 36: 15-22.
Freitas, B.M. and Paxton, R.J. (1996) The role of wind and insects in cashew (Anacardium occidentale) pollination in NE Brazil. J Agric Sci., 126 :319–326.
Reddi, E.U.B. (1993) Pollination studies of cashew in India: an overview. In: Veeresh GK, Umashaankar R. and Ganeshaiah, K.N. (eds) Proceedings of international symposium on pollen tropical, UAS, Bangalore, pp 321–324.
Sundararaju, D. (2000) Foraging behaviour of pollinators on cashew. The Cashew, 14:17-20.
Sundararaju, D. (2003) Occurrence of bee fauna and extent of pollination in insecticide sprayed ecosystem of cashew. J Palynol., 39:121–135.
Sundararaju, D. (2011) Studies on extent of pollination and fruit set in cashew. J Plant Crops, 39 (1):157–160.
Vanitha K. and T.N. Raviprasad. 2019. Pollinators of cashew, their foraging behaviour of Cashew Research, Puttur, and conservation measures. ICAR – DCR Technical Bulletin No. 30, P. 32.
Vanitha, K. and T.N. Raviprasad. 2019. Diversity, species richness and foraging behavior of pollinators in cashew. Res., 8 (2):197–206
Vanitha K. and T. N. Raviprasad. 2021. Artificial nests conserve important native bees, Braunsapis pollinating cashew. Current Science, 121 (1): 127-132.
Vanitha Kaliaperumal, Ankita Gupta, Venkatesan Thiruvengadam, Arati Pannure and Ashika Thotambailu Raghavendra (2022): Biological notes on nesting biology, development and natural enemies of Braunsapis mixta, a pollinator of cashew. Journal of Apicultural Research, DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2022.2028965.

SILK WORM

http://www.fnbnews.com/Top-News/Silk-production-potential-of-insect-pest-of-cashew-identified-by-KAU-team.
Pal, S. and Medda. P.S. 2006. Occurrence of wild silk moth, Cricula trifenestrata (Helfer) on cashew, Anacardium occidentale under Terai conditions of West Bengal. The Orissa Journal of Horticulture, 34 (1): 117.
Prasad, B.C. & Rath, S.S. & Nagendra, S. & Sinha, B.R.R.P. (2004). Cashew: Another food plant for tropical tasar silkworm. 43. 17-18.
Vanitha, K., U.C. Javali, P.S. Bhat. 2017. Rearing success of tasar silkworm on cashew – its ecorace, biology and comparative silk properties. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9 (1): 150 -155.